Wednesday, April 5, 2023

Granby Music: How To Register For Lessons

 Registration for online lessons is easy!

  • Contact us by email - granbymusicstudio@gmail.com put "registration" in the subject field, and your name, cellphone#, the instrument you want to study, and any biographical information you feel will help me place you.
  • Text or leave a voicemail on our Skype mailbox: +1 413-345-5911, or Google Voice: ‪(413) 213-5767‬
Private Lessons IN PERSON are at Adam Sweet's home in Granby, MA.  Once registered and a deposit is received, you will be given parking and entrance information.

Once you have registered, make sure you're registered on Google to use Google Chat and Meet.  Familiarize yourself with these apps ahead of your lesson, so we don't waste valuable time. Look at the Schedule page to determine which days/times work best for you. In your initial contact, you can also mention this to save additional delays.

Google Chat/Meet are easy apps to use both on your desktop (it works in any browser, there's no special software to download unlike Zoom), and there's also an app in the App Store and Google Play.  All you will need is a microphone and webcam.  Most laptops come with them these days.  Some students are also using their phones to connect.

Payment is contactless through Venmo, an app that is similar to PayPal, but much easier to use.  

That's it!  your teacher will connect with you on Google Chat at the agreed upon time.  There's nothing else that you need to do except tune up your instrument and be ready to start learning!

Granby Music: The Ultimate Guide for Learning to Play the Fiddle

 Published from Blogger Prime Android App

It's absolutely critical to have a teacher who is passionate about traditional music in order to learn how to play the fiddle well.


Why is it important to learn from a teacher?
If you learn from a teacher who is not passionate about traditional music you will not have the best, most thorough education in music. A teacher that is passionate about traditional music will expose you to every type of traditional music you can imagine. They will make you work hard to master every type of traditional music and in this way they will push you to be the best fiddle player you can possibly be. A teacher who is passionate about traditional music will also use a wide variety of different teaching styles and will not be afraid to go over your head a bit. A teacher who is not passionate about traditional music will not make you work hard enough to master the fiddle.

What makes a good fiddle teacher?
They must: Respect and encourage you. Respect and encourage you in the same way that they would encourage their own children. Treat you as an artist and a person. Encourage you to develop your own personal voice, a signature sound and unique style of playing. They must be skilled at explaining music in a manner that you can understand and internalize. They must also understand that a person can learn to play the fiddle for many reasons, and no one is right all of the time. Fiddle lessons must be taught in a way that reflects the different levels of musicianship that each student has, so students of different skill levels will learn differently. Finally, a good fiddle teacher does not place a high value on one particular style of playing over another.

Where do I find a good teacher?
The first place you should look for a teacher is on online websites that allow you to book lessons, such as lessons.com From there, you can usually book a lesson or two and take your pick from among the teachers listed. They may not necessarily be your teacher of choice, but if you find a teacher who sounds good to you, you're looking in the right place. In some cases, the teachers may require payment before they start teaching, but you can always try to find a free teacher first. When should I take lessons? It's a good idea to take lessons as soon as you can. Ideally, you want to be able to play a piece and have the teacher give you pointers. As soon as you've taken a few lessons, you'll be a lot closer to playing smoothly. Some people believe it's best to play less and learn more.

What are the best resources for learning how to play?
There are many fantastic books available on this topic. The Complete Fiddler's Companion by Tony Trischka is one of the most popular. There is an old tunebook called "Dagger Days" which was published in 1999. It has over one hundred tunes, including "John Henry" and "Dixie Land." And I've also heard good things about "The Lost Fiddler" by Jim Stuckey. Finding a teacher who teaches "traditional music" is essential to success. Here are a few suggestions about teachers for learning the fiddle: 1. Enthusiastic Fiddle Player - Find a close friend, classmate, or family member who plays traditional music and who has been teaching for many years. A good teacher will want to practice with you. This person may be a younger family member, a friend you have known for years, or a schoolmate.

When you've mastered the traditional music styles, you'll have a better understanding of the fiddle, what it's capable of, and its unique tone. You'll also be able to identify the differences between the styles, as well as how they sound and play so that you'll get an overall appreciation of the fiddle itself. Our Free Complete Beginner Fiddle Course is packed with a wealth of tips, tricks, and knowledge to help you play the fiddle. Click here for more information on our premier beginner fiddle course.

Granby Music Rental Program

 2023 Rentals


A notice about the violin rental program:
 we still have student violin outfits (Palatino) for rent.  The cost is $30 a month with a $200 deposit (refundable).   The minimum rental period is 3 months.  The outfit comes with a padded case, carved solid wooden violin, wooden bow, rosin and case straps.  It's missing a shoulder rest.  We have them for sale for $25 each.  You can upgrade to Adam Sweet's Fiddler's Bow for an additional $125 (and get to keep the bow) as the wooden bow that comes with the case is only mediocre.


Mandolin rental program: 
we have a wide variety of options this year.  For example, you can rent a Mando Mo A or F style mandolin with a hardshell case for only $75 a month (and a $500 refundable deposit).  These are gorgeous mandolins!  Air-dried tonewood, American steel frets, German Optima hand-wound strings, solid tailpieces, TUSQ nuts, MOP and Abalone inlay and Brekke adjustable bridges.  We can't believe we can offer these instruments for rent.  The program is rent to buy.   50% of the rental fee goes to the purchase of the instrument!  Email info@sweetmusicstudio.net with the word "mando mo rental" in the subject line to get some more information about that.  You can set up a time to try out the instrument in person (socially distanced of course), or Adam can play it for you online so you can see it and hear what it sounds like before renting it.

In addition to mandolins, we have mandocellos and mandolas for rent.  Please ask!

A Post by Adam Sweet, CEO: What are some good fiddle tunes for a beginner?

So as you know, I teach violin and many fiddle styles including celtic, bluegrass, klezmer, jazz, western swing, texas style and Quebecois.

Someone recently asked me to suggest some tunes a beginner can learn.  I decided to include some more advanced  tunes as well

Camptown Races comes to mind, as does Liza Jane, Buffalo Gals, Shady Grove (it's in Bm but doable), Shortnin' Bread, Oh, Susanna, Cindy, Dixie, Wildwood Flower, Soldier's Joy, Going to Boston, Flop Eared Mule, Skip to My Lou, Girl I left Behind Me, Old Joe Clark, Cripple Creek...all basically level 1 tunes except maybe the last 3 or so.

Slightly more advanced would be Mississippi Sawyer, Arkansas Traveler, Rose Tree, Over the Waterfall, Newcastle, Southwind, Si Beg Si More, Sandy River, Salt Creek, Chinky Pin, Cotton Eyed Joe, Cameron Highlanders, Scotland the Brave, Harvest Home, Ash Grove, Amazing Grace, Swinging on a Gate, Fisher's Hornpipe, Snowflake Reel

Every fiddle player needs to learn the "double shuffle" bowing pattern. Here are some good tunes to practice with it:

Orange Blossom Special, Back Up And Push, Rubber Dolly,.

Now we get into some jigs! Here are some easier ones: Irish Washerwoman, Garry Owen, St Patrick's Day (inna mornin), Haste to the Wedding, Road to Lisdoonvarna, Swallow Tail, Kid on the Mountain and Pipe on the Hob.

How about some Polkas? I like: As we Went Out On The Ice, Kangaroo, Kerry, Spare Leg, Andy Boyle's, Britches full of Stiches.

Granby Music Practicing Tips & Tricks

 Daily Practice - A Reminder, A Checklist


It's absolutely critical that you practice at least something every day!  What you practice is also critical.  Just playing a few tunes, or jamming with friends is only one part of daily practice (the fun part!).


Divide your practice time into three parts of equal length.  That means, if you practice 30 minutes a day, each chunk will be 10 minutes.


First part: A Daily Scale "Set"
  • each day play a different scale set from the circle of fifths (if you're practicing bluegrass music), otherwise a different tonic set using the 7 church modes
  • practice 2 octaves, use 4th fingers always
  • remember where to shift when playing in 3rd and 4th positions
  • fiddlers: practice the 4 bowing patterns with each scale
  • mandolinists: practice the 5 picking patterns with each scale
  • circle of fifths: practice the major AND the relative minor with each set
  • modes: practice all 7 modes
  • practice the arpeggios for each scale (1,3,5,8)

Second part: New Material
  • Sight read assigned new material
  • Practice first measure, slowly, without ornamentation or bowing until you have the notes down, then go on to 2nd, 3rd, 4th measures
  • After you have the measures well established, add any ornamentation and bowings as indicated in the sheet music or by your instructor
  • Don't try to learn the whole piece in one "chunk".  It's better to master one 4 bar phrase than to play the whole piece poorly

Third part: Review & Sight Reading, having fun!
  • Jam with friends/family
  • Review old material, work on the hard parts
  • Sight Read out of the Fiddler's Fakebook or any other book as assigned by your instructor

A Post by Adam Sweet, CEO: Traditional Irish Music Is Not Irish At All

  I've been doing a lot of research about traditional dance music from the celtic nations.  I've learned that most of what we think of as "traditional Irish" music is not Irish at all.  In fact, much of the music came originally to the new world (Virginia, US) by immigrants from Ulster Cty, mostly young men from Scotland unable to make a living there.  They came first to build the new communities and sent for their brides later.  They brought their music, dance and song with them, which largely  was responsible for "country music" at first and later "old timey music", which influenced Bill Monroe and gave him the impetus to start up the Blue Grass boys.

But Scotland didn't create those dance forms, they came from the Normans who sacked England in the 12th century.  The original dance form, the Carole (12/8) came from Crete in 900 BC and settled in what became Gaul, and later France.  All western dance forms evolved from the Carole: 12/8 (the slide), 9/8 (slip jig), 6/8 (single and double jig), 4/4 (reel, strathspay, hornpipe), 2/4, 3/2, etc.  The polka came from eastern Europe originally and only entered the lexicon in the 20th century.

Chief O'Neill, who is credited for collecting a myriad of melodies he called Irish, gave us the first compendium of traditional dance tunes.  But the provenance of those tunes is unclear.  Chances are they are mostly 19th century melodies largely from England and Irish-English cities such as Dublin and Cork, no doubt influenced by the keys, modes and forms from Scotland and England.


The most popular dance form that made it's way to the Americas was the hornpipe.  The dance was largely a solo dance, done by men.  In the south it was known as "buck dancing" and in the north, "clogging".  Here's an example of the style in the south: 


Many of the original "old timey" tunes became "bluegrass" tunes in the 20th century: Red Haired Boy, Hull's Victory, Boys of Bluehill, Fisher's Hornpipe, etc.  


These were all hornpipe forms.  We don't know who wrote them, which is why they can't be nailed down, but if you look closely at the melody form, you notice the 3 quarter not sequence at the end of each 8 bar section, indicating it's a hornpipe.  

Many other tunes, probably written in the 20th century, follow this rule and are included in the Bluegrass lexicon.

Dance Forms: What are Jigs?

The original term "jig" is believed to have originated from the French word "gigue," which was used to describe a similar type of dance. The term was adopted in England and Scotland in the 16th century and evolved to refer to both the dance and the music that accompanied it. Over time, the term "jig" became associated with a distinct musical style characterized by lively rhythms and fast tempos. Today, the term is still used to describe a variety of traditional music styles that incorporate these elements. 

Jigs are dance forms that are comprised of 6 eighth notes per measure, 9 eighth notes per measure or 12 eighth notes per measure:

  • 6/8
  • 9/8
  • 12/8

The Coleraine - Single Jig

Single Jigs usually emphasize the 1 and the 4 beats per measure and the pattern is usually some form of quarter note, eighth note pattern.  Here are some of my own versions of single jigs

Clumsy Lover Jig

Double Jigs usually de-emphasize the 1 and 4 beats, allowing all 6 notes to be played in the measure
Here are some of my own versions of Double Jigs

The Butterfly/Kid on the Mountain

Slip Jigs are in 9/8, which means they have an "extra" beat like a "hop", which is why they are often called Hop Jigs.  They can vary between the quarter note/eighth note pattern of single jigs.  Here are some of my own versions of my favorite slip jigs.

Merrily Kissed The Quaker

Slides are in 12/8 and can sound like the double jig (6/8) or single jig, but never like the slip jig (9/8) Examples:

Dance Forms: What are Hornpipes?

 One of the oldest of the dance forms from western Europe/Great Britain are the Hornpipes.  

Here are some of the Hornpipes I like

There are two basic types of common-time hornpipe, ones like the "Sailors' Hornpipe", moving in even notes, sometimes notated in 2/2, moving a little slower than a reel, and ones like "The Harvest Home", moving in dotted notes. Some 19th-century examples mix the dotted and even styles.  (Other types of Hornpipes are in 3/2 and 9/8 time.)

Examples of Hornpipes:

Fisher's Hornpipe



Dance Forms: What are Reels?

 All reels have the same structure, consisting largely of quaver (eighth note) movement with an accent on the first and third beats of the bar.  All reels are in 4/4 time and are usually written out as 8 8th notes/measure.

Examples of Reels I like

A reel is distinguished from a hornpipe in two ways. Firstly it is played with even beats, without an implied dotted rhythm. Secondly it is played twice as fast. Examples of Reels:

Like most dance music originating in the British Isles, reels are usually composed in binary form, meaning they have two parts (A and B); in most reels each part is repeated (AABB), but in others it is not (ABAB). Each part (A and B) typically has eight bars, which in turn are divisible into four-bar and two-bar phrases.  

Today many Irish reels are supplemented with new compositions and by tunes from other traditions which are easily adapted as reels. It is the most popular tune-type within the Irish dance music tradition.

Reels are popular in the folk music of Scotland and England. They crossed the Atlantic ocean with Irish and British immigration and thus entered the musical tradition of Atlantic and French-speaking Canada including that of Quebecers and Acadians.

Dunmore Lasses

Maid Behind The Bar




The Church Modes: What are they? who invented them? how are they used today? why should musicians learn them? how are they used in music?

The Church Modes

The seven church modes, also known as the "modes of ancient Greek music," are a set of seven musical modes that were used in Western liturgical music from the 9th to the 13th centuries. These modes were derived from the musical modes of ancient Greek music and were used to set the melodies of hymns and other religious music in the Christian church.  The church modes are a set of musical modes that were used in the medieval period, particularly in Gregorian chant. There are seven church modes, each with a distinct set of characteristics and uses. The modes are:

  1.  Ionian mode: This mode is characterized by a major scale. It is named after the ancient Ionians and is often used in music with a joyful or celebratory character.
  2.  Dorian mode: This mode is characterized by a natural minor scale with a raised sixth scale degree. It is named after the ancient Greek Dorians and is often used in music with a somber or mournful character.
  3.  Phrygian mode: This mode is characterized by a natural minor scale with a lowered second scale degree. It is named after the ancient Phrygians and is often used in music with a Spanish or Middle Eastern flavor.
  4.  Lydian mode: This mode is characterized by a major scale with a raised fourth scale degree. It is named after the ancient Lydians and is often used in music with a bright or luminous character.
  5.  Mixolydian mode: This mode is characterized by a major scale with a lowered seventh scale degree. It is named after the ancient Mixolydians and is often used in blues and rock music.
  6.  Aeolian mode: This mode is characterized by a natural minor scale. It is named after the ancient Aeolians and is often used in music with a sad or introspective character.
  7.  Locrian mode: This mode is characterized by a natural minor scale with a lowered second and fifth scale degree. It is the least commonly used of the church modes and is often used in music with a dissonant or unstable character.

How to play the Modes on the Mandolin

It is not known who invented the seven church modes, but they were likely developed by ancient Greek musicians and were later adopted and adapted by the Christian church. Today, the church modes are still used in certain styles of classical and religious music, and they are also used as a theoretical framework for understanding and creating melodies in various musical styles. The church modes are not as commonly used as they were in the medieval period, but they are still studied by musicians as a way of understanding the foundations of Western music theory. Musicians may learn the church modes to broaden their understanding of different tonal systems and to develop their ability to create and analyze music in different modes. In modern music, the church modes are sometimes used to create melodies or harmonies, or as a basis for improvisation.

Musicians should learn the church modes because they provide a foundation for understanding the structure and organization of melodies in Western music. By learning the church modes, musicians can develop a deeper understanding of the relationship between different notes and chords in a melody, and they can use this understanding to create more expressive and nuanced music. In addition, learning the church modes can also help musicians to become more familiar with the historical and cultural context of Western music, which can deepen their appreciation for different musical styles and traditions.


Why should you learn to play the fiddle? What are fiddle lessons? What is fiddle music?

There are many reasons to learn to play the fiddle. Some people are drawn to the instrument because of its beautiful, rich sound and the wide range of musical styles that can be played on it. Others are attracted to the fiddle because it is an integral part of many traditional music cultures around the world, including bluegrass, country, Irish, Scottish, and many more.

Fiddle lessons are typically private or group sessions in which a fiddle player, or fiddler, teaches students how to play the instrument. These lessons may cover topics such as proper posture, holding the bow, and playing techniques. Fiddle lessons may also include instruction on music theory, sight reading, and ear training.

Fiddle music is a broad term that refers to music played on the fiddle, a type of small, bowed string instrument. This includes a wide range of musical styles, including bluegrass, country, folk, Irish, Scottish, and many more. Fiddle music is often characterized by its fast tempos, complex melodies, and intricate bowing techniques, and it is often played as part of a group, such as a bluegrass band or a traditional Irish ensemble.

Why should you learn to play the mandolin? What are typical mandolin lessons like? What music do people commonly play on the mandolin?

 There are many reasons to learn to play the mandolin. Some people are drawn to the instrument because of its unique, bright sound and the wide range of musical styles that can be played on it. Others are attracted to the mandolin because it is an integral part of many traditional music cultures around the world, including bluegrass, folk, and many more.

How to play the Modes on the mandolin

Mandolin lessons are typically private or group sessions in which a mandolin player teaches students how to play the instrument. These lessons may cover topics such as proper posture, holding the pick, and playing techniques. Mandolin lessons may also include instruction on music theory, sight reading, and ear training.

People commonly play a wide range of musical styles on the mandolin, including bluegrass, folk, classical, and many more. The mandolin is often featured in traditional music genres such as Irish, Scottish, and Italian music, and it is also popular in bluegrass and country music. The mandolin is a versatile instrument that can be used to play a variety of musical styles, from fast, upbeat tunes to slower, more contemplative pieces.

The Parts of the Fiddle (violin) and Bow

 

What is a Violin?

A violin is a bowed string instrument with four strings tuned in perfect fifths. It is played with a bow and is held under the chin. The violin is a popular and versatile instrument that is used in a wide variety of music genres, including classical, jazz, folk, and pop.

The violin was invented in the early 16th century in Italy. It is believed that the violin was developed from earlier bowed instruments, such as the viol, lira and the vielle. The first known violin maker was Andrea Amati, who lived in the 16th century.

The difference between a violin and a fiddle is largely one of terminology. In general, the term "violin" is used to refer to a classical instrument that is played with a bow and is used in classical music, while the term "fiddle" is used to refer to a folk instrument that is played with a bow and is used in folk music. However, the terms are often used interchangeably, and many musicians who play classical music also refer to their instruments as fiddles.

The parts of the violin include the following:

  • Head: This is the top of the violin, where the scroll (a decorative spiral at the end of the neck) is located.
  • Neck: This is the long, thin part of the violin that extends from the body and supports the fingerboard.
  • Fingerboard: This is the long, thin piece of wood that is attached to the neck and over which the strings pass. It is used to press the strings down to change their pitch.
  • Body: This is the main part of the violin, which is made up of the ribs, back, and belly. The ribs and back are made of maple wood, while the belly is made of spruce.
  • F-holes: These are two small, curved openings in the belly of the violin that allow sound to escape from the instrument. They are shaped like the letter "F" and are important because they help to amplify the sound of the violin.
  • Bridge: This is a small, wooden arch that is located between the f-holes on the belly of the violin. It is used to support the strings and transmit their vibrations to the belly of the instrument.
  • Tailpiece: This is a small piece of wood or metal that is attached to the end of the violin body and holds the end of the strings in place.
  • Endpin: This is a thin, pointed rod that is attached to the tailpiece and extends down to the ground. It is used to support the violin while it is being played.

The violin is shaped like it is because its design has evolved over time to produce the best possible sound. The maple wood used for the back and sides of the violin is chosen because it is strong, durable, and has a rich, warm tone. The violin bridge is important because it helps to transmit the vibrations of the strings to the body of the instrument, which helps to produce a good sound. There is no metal used in the construction of a violin because metal does not vibrate in the same way as wood and would not produce a good sound.

Carved-wood Violin Bow

A violin bow is a long, slender stick with a curved tip that is used to play the violin. It is made of a thin, flexible rod of wood, usually pernambuco or brazilwood, and has a tightened cord running along its length strung with horsehair, which is stretched between the two ends of the bow.

The bow is used to play the violin by drawing it across the strings, causing them to vibrate and produce sound. The player can vary the pitch, volume, and tone of the sound by using different techniques, such as bowing closer to the bridge or using more or less pressure on the strings.

Horsehair is used for the bow because it is strong, flexible, and produces a smooth, even sound when drawn across the strings. It is important to use good quality horsehair for the bow because low quality hair can break or become brittle over time.

A good violin bow is one that is well-balanced, has a good amount of flex, and produces a clear, even sound. Factors that can affect the quality of a bow include the type of wood used, the quality of the horsehair, and the craftsmanship of the bow maker.

To pick the right violin bow for yourself, it is important to try out different bows and see which one feels and sounds the best to you. You should consider factors such as the weight and balance of the bow, the amount of flex, and the overall feel and playability of the bow. You may also want to consider your playing style and the type of music you will be playing when selecting a bow.

There are many excellent violin bow makers throughout history and today. Some examples of highly respected bow makers include:

  • François Tourte: Tourte is considered the "father of the modern bow" and is credited with inventing the modern violin bow in the late 18th century. His bows are known for their perfect balance, flexibility, and playability.
  • James Tubbs: Tubbs was a British bow maker who was known for his exceptional craftsmanship and attention to detail. His bows are highly sought after by collectors and players alike.
  • Pajeot: Pajeot was a French bow maker who was active in the early 20th century. His bows are known for their elegant design and superb playing characteristics.
  • Paul Siefried: Siefried was a German bow maker who was active in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. His bows are known for their excellent balance and playability.
  • Eugene Sartory: Sartory was a French bow maker who was active in the early 20th century. His bows are highly prized for their craftsmanship and beautiful design.

These are just a few examples of excellent violin bow makers. There are many other highly skilled and respected bow makers working today who are creating exceptional bows for players around the world.

Who Was Andrea Amati, the First Violin Maker?

 

Andrea Amati (1505-1577)

Andrea Amati was a violin maker who lived in the 16th century (1505-1577). He is credited with being the first known maker of the violin.  Little is known about Amati's background or personal life. He was born in the town of Cremona, Italy, which was a center of lute making at the time. Amati was a member of a family of instrument makers and is believed to have learned the craft from his father.

Little is known about Amati's background, but it is believed that he was a member of a family of instrument makers who had been working in Cremona for several generations. He was probably trained in the art of instrument making by his father or grandfather.

Amati is believed to have invented the violin sometime in the early 16th century. The exact date is not known, but the oldest surviving violin made by Amati dates from around 1555.

Amati's inspiration for making the violin is not known for certain, but it is believed that he was trying to improve upon earlier bowed instruments, such as the lira and the vielle. He may have been trying to create an instrument that was louder, more agile, and more capable of playing a wider range of music than these earlier instruments.

Amati began his career as a maker of lutes, which were popular stringed instruments in the Renaissance. He is believed to have been inspired to create the violin after observing the popularity of other bowed instruments, such as the vielle, which was widely played in Europe at the time.

Amati is credited with creating the first violin in the early 16th century, though the exact date is not known. It is believed that he was inspired to create the instrument in response to the increasing popularity of bowed instruments in Italy at the time. Amati's violins were known for their exceptional craftsmanship and beautiful design, and they became highly sought after by musicians and collectors.  He is also credited with developing the modern design of the violin, which has remained largely unchanged since his time.  Amati  is considered one of the most important figures in the history of violin making.

Amati's violins were highly prized for their excellent craftsmanship and beautiful sound, and his workshop became a center of violin making in Cremona. His instruments were sought after by musicians and collectors throughout Europe, and his legacy as a violin maker continues to this day.

There are many excellent and important violin makers throughout history who have made significant contributions to the art of violin making. Some examples of highly respected violin makers include:

  • Antonio Stradivari: Stradivari was an Italian violin maker who lived in the 17th and 18th centuries. He is widely considered the greatest violin maker of all time and is credited with creating some of the finest violins ever made. His violins are known for their superior craftsmanship, tonal quality, and beautiful design.
  • Giuseppe Guarneri: Guarneri was an Italian violin maker who lived in the 17th and 18th centuries. He was a contemporary of Stradivari and is considered one of the greatest violin makers of all time. His violins are known for their strong, powerful sound and exceptional craftsmanship.
  • Antonio Guarneri: Antonio Guarneri was the son of Giuseppe Guarneri and was also an accomplished violin maker. His violins are known for their beautiful sound and exceptional craftsmanship.
  • Jacob Stainer: Stainer was an Austrian violin maker who lived in the 17th century. He is considered one of the greatest violin makers of all time and his violins are known for their exceptional tonal quality and beautiful design.

These are just a few examples of excellent and important violin makers. There are many other highly skilled and respected violin makers throughout history who have made significant contributions to the art of violin making.

Who Was Antonio Stradivarius? Why Was He So Important To The Violin World?

 

Antonio Stradivari (1644 – 1737)

Antonio Stradivari (also known as Stradivarius) was an Italian violin maker who lived in the 17th and 18th centuries. He is widely considered the greatest violin maker of all time and is credited with creating some of the finest violins ever made. His violins are known for their superior craftsmanship, tonal quality, and beautiful design.

Stradivari was born in Cremona, Italy in 1644. He apprenticed with Nicolò Amati, a renowned violin maker, and eventually opened his own workshop in Cremona. Over the course of his career, Stradivari created over 1,100 instruments, including violins, violas, cellos, and guitars.

Stradivari's violins are highly prized by musicians and collectors around the world and are considered some of the finest instruments ever made. Many famous musicians, including Niccolò Paganini and Yehudi Menuhin, have played Stradivari violins.

The "Ex-Croall; McEwen" Violin by Antonio Stradivari

Stradivari's contributions to the world of the violin have had a lasting impact. His violins are still highly sought after today and are considered some of the finest instruments ever made. Stradivari's legacy continues to influence violin making to this day, with many modern violin makers striving to emulate his craftsmanship and attention to detail.

Stradivari's instruments are so highly regarded because of their exceptional craftsmanship and tonal quality. His violins are known for their rich, warm sound, and are prized for their ability to produce a wide range of tonal colors. Stradivari's success was due to his exceptional craftsmanship, attention to detail, and innovative techniques, which he developed over the course of his long career.

Antonio Stradivari

There are many famous Antonio Stradivari instruments that are highly prized by musicians and collectors. Some examples of famous Stradivari violins include:

  • The "Leonora Jackson" Stradivari: This violin, made in 1711, is named after a former owner who bequeathed it to the Royal Philharmonic Society of London. It is currently owned by the society and is played by a selected member of the London Symphony Orchestra.
  • The "Lord Wilton" Stradivari: This violin, made in 1742, is named after a former owner and is considered one of the finest examples of Stradivari's work. It is currently owned by the National Trust for Scotland and is played by a selected member of the Scottish Chamber Orchestra.
  • The "Hammer" Stradivari: This violin, made in 1707, is so named because it was purchased at auction by American financier Joseph Henry Hammer for a record price of $1.7 million in 1906. It is currently owned by the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford, England.
  • The "Kreisler" Stradivari: This violin, made in 1714, is named after the famous violinist Fritz Kreisler, who owned and played the instrument for many years. It is currently owned by the Kreisler Foundation and is on loan to a selected violinist.

These are just a few examples of famous Antonio Stradivari instruments. There are many other highly prized Stradivari violins that are owned by private collectors, museums, and orchestras around the world.

Why did violin makers label their instruments with the name "Stradivarius"?

Violin makers in the 19th and early 20th centuries often labeled their instruments with the name "Stradivarius" as a way of associating them with the famous Italian violin maker Antonio Stradivari. Stradivari is widely considered the greatest violin maker of all time and is credited with creating some of the finest violins ever made. His violins are highly prized by musicians and collectors and are considered some of the finest instruments ever made.

Fake Stradivarius Label

In the 19th and early 20th centuries, there was a trend among violin makers to create instruments in the Stradivarius style, which means that they were made to look and sound similar to Stradivari's violins. These instruments were often given labels with the name "Stradivarius" as a way of associating them with the famous violin maker and possibly increasing their value.

It is important to note that these instruments labeled with the name "Stradivarius" are not actual Stradivari violins, but rather instruments made in the Stradivarius style by other makers. Stradivari's violins were all made in Italy, and it is unlikely that there would be a label inside a German-made violin with his name on it.

What is a fiddler? What styles of music are called "fiddle music" and why? When did "fiddling" start and why do people still fiddle today? What is the trajectory of fiddling? What does the future hold for fiddlers?

 


Adam Sweet (fiddle) and Paul Burton (guitar)

A fiddler is a person who plays the fiddle, which is another term for the violin. The term "fiddle" is often used to refer to a folk instrument that is played with a bow and is used in folk music, while the term "violin" is used to refer to a classical instrument that is played with a bow and is used in classical music. However, the terms are often used interchangeably, and many musicians who play classical music also refer to their instruments as fiddles.  A fiddler is a musician who plays the fiddle, which is another term for the violin. Fiddle music is a term used to describe a variety of styles of music that are played on the violin, including folk, traditional, and roots music. The term "fiddle" is often used to refer to the violin in these types of music because it is seen as a more down-to-earth and informal term than "violin," which is often associated with classical music.

Styles of music that are often referred to as "fiddle music" include folk music, bluegrass, countryCeltic, and traditional music from various cultures around the world. These styles of music are often played on the fiddle because of the instrument's versatility and ability to produce a wide range of tones and rhythms.  Fiddling has a long history that dates back hundreds of years. The violin was invented in the early 16th century in Italy and quickly became popular in many different countries. Fiddle music has its roots in the traditional music of various cultures, including EuropeanIndianAfrican, and American.

Fiddling has a long history that dates back to the early 16th century, when the violin was first developed in Italy. Fiddling has evolved over time and has been influenced by a wide variety of cultural and musical traditions. Today, people still fiddle for many reasons, including for enjoyment, as a form of cultural expression, and as a way to participate in the vibrant folk music community.  Fiddling is still popular today because it is a fun and expressive way to make music. Many people continue to fiddle as a hobby, while others pursue it professionally. There are many fiddle festivals and competitions held around the world, and fiddlers can be found playing in a variety of settings, including at folk and roots music festivals, in country bands, and at traditional dance events.

The trajectory of fiddling has been shaped by the evolution of the violin and the various musical styles and traditions that have influenced it. In the future, it is likely that fiddling will continue to evolve and be influenced by new musical styles and trends. There will always be a place for the fiddle in music, whether it is in traditional or contemporary styles, and fiddlers will continue to play an important role in preserving and promoting this rich and varied musical tradition.  It is difficult to predict the trajectory of fiddling, as it is influenced by many factors, including changing musical tastes and technological advances. However, it is likely that fiddling will continue to be an important part of many different musical traditions and will continue to be enjoyed by people around the world.

There are many famous fiddlers in a variety of musical styles today. Here are a few examples:

  • American fiddlers: Some famous American fiddlers include Mark O'Connor, Alison Krauss, and Bruce Molsky. These fiddlers are known for their exceptional playing abilities and contributions to the American fiddle tradition.
  • Irish fiddlers: Some famous Irish fiddlers include Martin Hayes, Caoimhín Ó Raghallaigh, and Kevin Burke. These fiddlers are known for their exceptional playing abilities and contributions to the Irish fiddle tradition.
  • Klezmer fiddlers: Some famous klezmer fiddlers include Itzhak Perlman, Alicia Svigals, and Sophia Radai. These fiddlers are known for their exceptional playing abilities and contributions to the klezmer tradition.
  • Indian fiddlers: Some famous Indian fiddlers include Dr. L. Subramaniam, Kala Ramnath, and Ramesh Misra. These fiddlers are known for their exceptional playing abilities and contributions to the Indian classical music tradition.
  • Classical fiddlers: Some famous classical fiddlers include Anne-Sophie Mutter, Joshua Bell, and Itzhak Perlman. These fiddlers are known for their exceptional playing abilities and contributions to the classical music tradition.

These are just a few examples of famous fiddlers from different musical traditions. There are many other highly skilled and respected fiddlers who are making significant contributions to their respective musical styles.

Who are some Famous Fiddlers today?  What makes them famous?

There are many famous fiddlers in various musical styles, including American, Irish, Klezmer, Indian, and classical. Here are a few examples:

  • Jason Carter: Carter is an American fiddler who is known for his virtuosity and versatility. He has won numerous awards for his playing and has recorded numerous albums as a solo artist and with various ensembles.
  • Eileen Ivers: Ivers is an Irish-American fiddler who is known for her electrifying stage presence and innovative style. She has recorded numerous albums and has played with many notable musicians, including Bono and the Chieftains.
  • Itzhak Perlman: Perlman is an Israeli-American classical violinist who is also an accomplished fiddler. He is known for his technical proficiency and expressive playing, and has recorded numerous albums and performed with many of the world's leading orchestras.
  • L. Subramaniam: Subramaniam is an Indian classical violinist who is also a skilled fiddler. He is known for his innovative approach to Indian classical music and has recorded numerous albums and performed with many of the world's leading orchestras.
  • Alicia Svigals: Svigals is an American klezmer fiddler who is known for her virtuosity and passion for traditional Jewish music. She has recorded numerous albums and has played with many notable musicians, including the Klezmatics.

These are just a few examples of famous fiddlers from different musical styles. There are many other skilled and respected fiddlers around the world who are known for their virtuosity and contributions to the world of music.

What does the term "Celtic" refer to? What are the 7 Celtic nations? What is Celtic music? What is Celtic fiddle music. Who are some famous Celtic music fiddlers?

 

Celtic Village

The term "Celtic" refers to a culture and language group that includes a number of tribes and nations that lived in western and central Europe in ancient times. The term "Celtic" is also used to refer to the cultures and traditions of the modern-day descendants of these ancient tribes, who include the Irish, Scottish, Welsh, Cornish, Manx, and Breton people.  The term "Celtic" refers to a cultural and linguistic group that includes the ancient and modern cultures of Ireland, Scotland, Wales, Cornwall, the Isle of Man, and Brittany in France. These cultures are connected by a shared history, language, and cultural traditions.

The Celtic Nations Flag

The 7 Celtic nations are:

  1. Ireland
  2. Scotland
  3. Wales
  4. Cornwall
  5. The Isle of Man
  6. Brittany (in France)
  7. Galicia (in Spain)

The seven Celtic nations are the Irish, Scottish, Welsh, Cornish, Manx, Breton, and Galician people. These nations are located in the British Isles, France, and Spain and share a common cultural heritage and language group.

Celtic music is a term used to describe the traditional music of the Celtic nations. It is characterized by the use of traditional instruments, such as the fiddle, bagpipes, and harp, and by the use of traditional musical forms, such as jigs, reels, and airs.  Celtic music is a genre of music that is inspired by the traditional music of the Celtic nations. It is characterized by its use of traditional instruments, such as the fiddle, tin whistle, and harp, and its use of traditional melodies and rhythms. Celtic music is often associated with folk and roots music and is popular in many parts of the world.

Modern Celtic Musical Instruments

Celtic fiddle music is a subgenre of Celtic music that is played on the fiddle. It is characterized by fast, energetic melodies and intricate ornamentation. It is often played in a dance style and is a popular music genre at Celtic festivals and dance events.  Celtic fiddle music focuses on the violin and its role in traditional Celtic music. It is characterized by its use of traditional melodies and rhythms, as well as its use of the bowing and ornamentation techniques used in traditional Celtic music.

Some famous Celtic music fiddlers include Kevin BurkeMartin Hayes, and Natalie MacMaster, Martin Hayes, Caoimhín Ó Raghallaigh, and Kevin Burke. These fiddlers are known for their exceptional playing abilities and contributions to the Celtic fiddle tradition.

What does the term "Bluegrass" refer to? What is Bluegrass Music and who is responsible for that term?

 

Bill Monroe and his Blue Grass Boys

Bill Monroe was a American musician and songwriter who is considered the father of bluegrass music. He was born in 1911 in Rosine, Kentucky, and began playing music at a young age. In the 1930s, Monroe formed a duo with his brother Charlie called the Monroe Brothers, and they began recording and performing together. The Monroe Brothers were very popular in the 1930s and 1940s, and they recorded a number of successful gospel and country songs.

Some of the Monroe Brothers' popular recordings include "What Would You Give (In Exchange for Your Soul?)," "The Little Glass of Wine," and "I'm Going to Make Heaven My Home."

After Charlie Monroe's death in 1940, Bill Monroe formed a new band called the Blue Grass Boys and began incorporating more blues and jazz elements into his music. He is credited with popularizing the term "bluegrass" and establishing the bluegrass genre, and he is considered one of the most influential musicians in American history. Monroe continued to record and perform until his death in 1996, and his contributions to bluegrass music have been recognized with numerous awards and accolades.

"Bluegrass" refers to a genre of American roots music that originated in the 1940s in the Appalachian region of the United States. It is characterized by the use of acoustic instruments, fast tempos, and the use of improvisation and "blue notes" (slightly flattened notes that give the music a distinctive sound).

The term "bluegrass" was coined by Bill Monroe, who is considered the father of bluegrass music. Monroe's band, the Blue Grass Boys, was named after his home state of Kentucky, which is known as the "Bluegrass State" due to the presence of bluegrass, a type of grass with blue-tinted blades. Monroe's band played a mix of old-timey music (a precursor to bluegrass) and blues, and the term "bluegrass" came to describe this unique blend of styles.

Old-timey music is a genre of American folk music that predates bluegrass. It is characterized by the use of traditional instruments such as the fiddle, banjo, and guitar, and often features call-and-response vocals. Old-timey music was popular in the southern and eastern United States in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and it served as a major influence on the development of bluegrass.

Typical bluegrass instruments include the guitar, banjo, fiddle, mandolin, and double bass. Bluegrass musicians are known for their virtuosity and their ability to improvise and play solos.

Some famous bluegrass musicians include Bill MonroeEarl Scruggs, Ralph StanleyFlatt and ScruggsStuart Duncan and Alison Krauss.

What's the difference between Bluegrass and Celtic fiddle music?


Celtic fiddle music is a genre of folk music that originated in Ireland and Scotland, and it is characterized by its use of the fiddle and traditional dance rhythms. Bluegrass fiddle, on the other hand, is a style of playing the fiddle that developed in the United States, and it is an integral part of the bluegrass genre. Bluegrass fiddle is characterized by fast, complex playing that often involves improvisation and the use of "blue notes" (slightly flattened notes that give the music a distinctive sound).

Some famous bluegrass fiddlers include Vassar ClementsBobby Hicks, and Jason Carter.

Some examples of bluegrass fiddle music include:

These songs are all examples of classic bluegrass tunes that feature fast, complex fiddle playing.

What is Newgrass and what is different about it?

Bluegrass is a genre of American roots music that originated in the 1940s in the Appalachian region of the United States. It is characterized by the use of acoustic instruments, fast tempos, and the use of improvisation and "blue notes" (slightly flattened notes that give the music a distinctive sound). Traditional bluegrass instruments include the guitar, banjo, fiddle, mandolin, and double bass, and the genre is known for its high level of musicianship and vocal harmonies.  Newgrass is a subgenre of bluegrass that incorporates elements of jazz and other styles of music. It is characterized by the use of improvisation, complex melodies, and sophisticated chord structures, and it often features a more eclectic mix of instruments than traditional bluegrass.

Newgrass Revival 1987

Jazz has had a significant influence on newgrass music, and many newgrass musicians are trained in both jazz and bluegrass. Sam Bush is often credited as being the first bluegrass musician to blend jazz and bluegrass, and his band, the New Grass Revival, helped to popularize the newgrass style in the 1970s and 1980s. Other musicians who have contributed to the development of newgrass include Darol AngerBela FleckStuart DuncanDavid Grisman, and Jerry Douglas.

Newgrass is characterized by the use of improvisation, complex melodies, and sophisticated chord structures, and it often features a more eclectic mix of instruments than traditional bluegrass. Newgrass musicians are known for their versatility and their ability to blend different styles of music.

In general, bluegrass is more traditional and roots-oriented, while newgrass is more experimental and innovative. However, there is a lot of overlap between the two genres, and many musicians play both traditional and newgrass music.

What is Western Tonal Music? when did it begin? who invented it? Why was it invented? What are some examples?

 What is western tonal music?  when did it begin?  who invented it?  Why was it invented.  Give some examples of western tonal music structure

Beneventan Music Manuscript

Western tonal music is a system of music that is based on the hierarchy of keys and the relationships between them. It is characterized by the use of a tonic (home) chord and a dominant (five) chord, which creates a sense of tension and resolution.  Western tonal music is a system of music in which a central pitch, called the "tonic," serves as a point of rest and the basis for creating melodies and harmonies. This system emerged in Western art music around the 16th and 17th centuries and is characterized by the use of a major or minor scale, and a system of chords built from that scale. The tonic chord, built from the first, third, and fifth scale degrees, is considered the most stable and important chord in the system. The use of other chords, and the relationships between them, creates a sense of movement and progression.

Baroque Music Concert

Tonal music originated in the Baroque period (17th and 18th centuries) and has been a dominant system in Western music ever since. It is not clear who invented tonal music, as it likely developed over time through the contributions of many different composers and musicians.  It is not accurate to say that tonal music was "invented" by any one person. Rather, it evolved over time as a result of various cultural and musical influences. The development of tonal music was closely tied to the evolution of Western art music, which has its roots in the music of the Renaissance and the Baroque periods.

Sonata Form

One example of the structure of tonal music is the sonata form, which was commonly used in classical music. The sonata form consists of three main sections: the exposition, the development, and the recapitulation. In the exposition, the main themes of the piece are presented. In the development, these themes are modified and developed. In the recapitulation, the themes are restated in the tonic key. 

Other examples of western tonal music structure include:

  • The 16 to 32-bar dance form, a common structure for traditional Celtic dances, which usually consists of an A section, repeated (8-16 bars), and a B section, repeated (8-16 bars).  There are variations that include a C section, repeated (8-16 bars) and even a D section, although that is very rare.   Examples of traditional Celtic dances are jigs, reels, hornpipes and airs. 
  • The 32-bar song form, a common structure for popular songs and show tunes, which consists of an introduction, two verse sections, a bridge, and a chorus.
  • The 12-bar blues, a popular form in blues and jazz music, which consists of three four-bar phrases, with a specific chord progression.
  • Choral music, opera, and symphonies.

These are just a few examples, and there are many other structures and forms used in tonal music.

What are chords? How do you "make" chords from scales? What are chords used for? Who first used chords and how are they used today?

What are chords?  How do you "make" chords from scales?  What are chords used for?  Who first used chords and how are they used today?

Chords are groups of three or more musical notes played together. They can be played on a piano, guitar, or any other musical instrument.

To make chords from scales, you can start by playing the first, third, and fifth notes of the scale consecutively. These three notes form a basic chord, called a triad. For example, if you are working with the C major scale (C D E F G A B), the C major chord is made up of the notes C, E, and G.

Chords are used to provide harmony in music. They are typically played alongside a melody, and the combination of the two creates a richer and more complex musical experience. Chords can be used to add depth and interest to a musical piece, and they can also be used to create tension or dissonance, depending on how they are used.

Chord forms usually consist of the tonic, subdominant and  dominant chords for a given key (aka the 1, 4, 5 chord "Progression")

Tonic, subdominant, and dominant are the first, fourth, and fifth degrees in any scale.  They are the key elements to building a song.  The tonic is often referred to as “home”, while subdominant moves you to the next note, and dominant makes you want to return back home to resolve the sound.  Why do we care?  Because the majority of music that you will ever listen to or play, bases the entire song off of these chords.  You can create, or recreate most songs when you understand tonic, dominant, and subdominant chords.  

The Tonic Chord


The Tonic:  The tonic degree, or the tonic chord, is always the easiest to find.  The tonic is found by the first degree in a scale.  If you are looking at the C major scale, the tonic is C.  If you are working with the G major scale, the tonic is G.  A song will probably begin and end with the tonic.  The tonic is called home, because it is where we are at rest.  It is where a song is resolved, and where we want to start and melody and always where we want to return to.  We want to come back home with the tonic.  Thus, the tonic draws back to itself.  The tonic is symbolized with Roman numeral I if it is MAJOR.  It is a Roman numeral i for a MINOR tonic chord.  

The Subdominant Chord


The Subdominant: The subdominant is the fourth degree of a scale, or can be found 4 tones, or notes above the tonic.    The subdominant causes us to “leave home”.  It has an almost mysterious, or unresolved feeling that causes us to draw back to the dominant.  Which is why it is called sub-dominant.  As such, you will often find a dominant following a subdominant chord.  The subdominant is symbolized with a Roman numeral IV for a MAJOR chord.  It is a Roman numeral i for a MINOR subdominant chord.

The Dominant Chord


The Dominant: The dominant is the fifth degree of a scale, or can be found 5 tones, or notes above the tonic.  You will often see the dominant chord as an inversion of its root chord. Just like the subdominant, you will often find the dominant chord as an inversion of its root chord.  Simply stated, that just means that instead of it being in this order of G-B-D, you will find it as B-D-G.  Same chord, just inverted.  The dominant chord causes tension or stress with a desire to resolve.  It almost begs us to return back home.  Therefore, the dominant chord leads us back to the tonic, or to home.  The dominant is symbolized with a Roman numeral V for a MAJOR chord.  It is a Roman numeral v for a MINOR subdominant chord.

Other Chord Progression Examples:

  • Basic Walking Pattern #1 (1,3,5,6)
  • Country Swing Pattern (1,5,6,5)
  • Fats Domino #1 (1,8,3,5,3) 
  • Fats Domino #2 (1,3,5,5,3,5)
  • Hank Williams (1,1,3,1,5,1,6,1)
  • Basic Shuffle Pattern #1 (1&5, 1&5, 1&6, 1&6)
  • Basic Shuffle Pattern #2 (1&5, 1&5, 3b, 3, 1&5, 1&5, 1&6, 1&5)

It is difficult to say who first used chords, as the concept of chords has likely existed for as long as people have been making music. However, the use of chords in Western music can be traced back to at least the Baroque period (17th and 18th centuries).  The use of chords can also be traced back to the ancient Greeks, who used them in their music. Today, chords are an integral part of Western music and are used in a wide variety of musical styles, including classical, jazz, bluegrass, rock, and pop.  

What is Americana? How does it relate to other music?

 Americana is a genre of music that originated in the United States, influenced by various styles such as folk, blues, country, and rock 'n' roll. It is often characterized by its roots in traditional American music and its blend of various musical styles. Americana has become a popular genre, attracting fans from all over the world and inspiring many artists to create music in this style.

One of the most interesting aspects of Americana is its connection to other musical styles, particularly Celtic and African-American music. While Americana may have its roots in traditional American music, its sound and style are also influenced by a number of other musical traditions.

Celtic music, for example, has had a significant impact on Americana. Celtic music is an umbrella term used to describe the musical traditions of the Celtic peoples, including Ireland, Scotland, Wales, and Brittany. This genre of music is characterized by its use of the fiddle, accordion, and harp, and its unique vocal style, often featuring intricate harmonies and lilting melodies.

Celtic music has been a part of Americana since its inception, and has been embraced by many American musicians who have incorporated its sounds and styles into their music. One of the most famous examples of this is the band The Chieftains, who are widely regarded as the pioneers of the Celtic music movement in America.

Another genre that has had a significant impact on Americana is African-American music. African-American music encompasses a wide range of styles, including blues, gospel, R&B, and jazz. This genre of music is characterized by its use of the blues scale, its improvisational style, and its focus on the human experience.

African-American music has had a profound influence on Americana, with many Americana artists incorporating elements of blues and gospel into their music. This has helped to create a unique sound that is both modern and rooted in tradition.

One of the reasons that Americana has been so successful is its ability to bring together different musical styles and traditions. This fusion of different musical traditions has created a sound that is both familiar and new, and that appeals to fans of all different genres of music.

In conclusion, Americana is a genre of music that has been shaped by a number of different musical traditions, including Celtic and African-American music. The fusion of these different styles has created a unique sound that is both modern and rooted in tradition, and that appeals to fans of all different genres of music.

If you're a fan of Americana, be sure to check out the hashtags #AmericanaMusic, #CelticMusic, and #AfricanAmericanMusic on social media. By following these hashtags, you can connect with other fans and stay up-to-date on the latest news and releases in the world of Americana.



Preparing for the Holidays at Granby Music

As the days grow shorter and the air turns crisp, there’s a natural shift that happens in every musician’s year. The holidays aren’t just a ...